2023年最偉大的50項創新 2023年最偉大的50項創新

2023年最偉大的50項創新

2023年最偉大的50項創新

在《大眾科學》雜誌,我們頌揚創新。無論是新的醫療方法、基礎設施項目、消費產品還是偉大的構想,它們幾乎總是為了解決某個問題而誕生的。有些獲獎者致力於解決由來已久的難題,而有些則關注影響全球人民的更宏大、甚至是關乎生存的問題。今年,我們選出的獲獎者正是那些致力於改善人們生活的傑出人士,正如我們自1988年以來每年所做的那樣。

以下是2023年影響我們世界的創新。

  • 健康
  • 工程
  • 汽車
  • 運動戶外
  • 娛樂
  • 個人護理
  • 小工具
  • 航太
  • 緊急服務和國防

健康

科學家和製藥商需要時間才能在醫學領域取得突破。但在像新冠疫情這樣的公共衛生緊急事件中,他們需要在不犧牲安全性、品質和有效性的前提下迅速採取行動。 Opill 就是一個絕佳的例子。美國食品藥物管理局 (FDA) 僅用了 13 個月就批准了這款非處方避孕藥(有些藥物的審批時間長達十年以上)。開放取用將使數百萬人受益,這也是《大眾科學》(PopSci) 將其評選為 2023 年「年度創新」的原因。 FDA 今年核准呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)、阿茲海默症和肌肉萎縮症的全新療法,也同樣注重時效性。最後,新興的太空醫學領域也取得了重大進展,一項在微重力環境下成功進行的 3D 列印實驗取得了突破性進展。

年度創新獎

Perrigo公司的Opill:美國首款非處方避孕藥

2022年,羅訴韋德案被推翻,美國人失去了一項至關重要的女性生殖健康權利。美國610萬例妊娠中,近一半是計劃外妊娠。但隨著價格親民的避孕藥上市,這意味著任何人都能在美國任何地方取得避孕藥具。這是自1960年美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)批准避孕藥以來,第一個無需處方即可購買的避孕藥。

Opill 是一種僅含黃體素的避孕藥,如果每天同一時間服用,有效率高達 98%。其通用名藥物炔諾酮由輝瑞公司研發,並已使用數十年。 Perrigo 公司於 2015 年收購了該藥物的授權,重新命名,並在美國最高法院裁定墮胎違法前幾天申請了非處方藥資格。這種避孕藥有一些輕微的副作用,包括噁心、頭痛和痙攣,但不會引起情緒波動和體重增加等問題。雖然 Opill 要到 2024 年初才能在藥局和網路零售商處購買,但它的上市代表著美國當前生殖健康問題的解決方案。

衛材公司的LEQEMBI:改變早期阿茲海默症患者生活的療法

預計到2060年,全球阿茲海默症患者人數將增加兩倍,達到1,400萬人。新近獲準的抗體療法LEQEMBI被神經科醫生譽為「革命性」藥物,因為它是目前唯一經臨床驗證能夠減少阿茲海默症患者大腦中澱粉樣斑塊積聚並延緩認知衰退的藥物。此藥僅適用於輕度記憶喪失及其他症狀的患者-約佔受影響族群的15%至20%-每兩週以靜脈輸注給藥。預計LEQEMBI將納入聯邦醫療保險(Medicare)的報銷範圍,到2024年將惠及至少1萬名患者。

輝瑞公司的Abrysvo:在子宮內建立免疫力

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是美國嬰兒住院的主要原因。雖然目前已有針對嬰幼兒的疫苗,但現在可以更早進行免疫接種。 Abrysvo是第一個獲得美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)批准的針對孕婦呼吸道合胞病毒的疫苗。在妊娠32至36週之間接種一劑,即可透過胎盤將抗體傳遞給胎兒。一項涉及近3,700名接種者及其嬰兒的臨床試驗發現,Abrysvo在預防出生後90天內感染該病毒的有效率高達81.8%。

Redwire公司的3D生物製造設施(BFF):在微重力環境下列印膝關節置換假體

你的下一次膝關節置換手術可能會讓你體驗到前所未有的感受——字面上的「前所未有的感受」。今年一月,NASA太空人在國際太空站安裝了一台生物印表機,它利用人體組織細胞複製半月板,而半月板的修復難度眾所周知。半月板撕裂是最常見的膝關節損傷之一,影響12%到14%的人群,以及許多美國退伍軍人。軌道上的微重力環境有助於列印出的半月板保持形狀,直到細胞完全培養完成。這項名為「生物列印基金會」(BFF)的技術於九月成功列印出了第一個測試用半月板:該樣本在返回地球的途中保存完好,目前正在一所軍事醫學院進行分析。

Sarepta Therapeutics 公司的 Elevidys:治療肌肉營養不良症的全新方法

杜氏肌肉營養不良症是一種可能致命的遺傳性疾病,兒童無法產生肌肉營養不良蛋白(一種肌肉收縮的關鍵蛋白質),導致行走困難,心肺功能受損。手術和類固醇藥物可以延緩這些衰弱性的影響,但Elevidys是第一個用於治療杜氏肌肉營養不良症的基因療法,它將編碼一種縮短形式的肌肉營養不良蛋白的基因導入肌肉細胞,旨在保護肌肉免受損傷。這種一次性療法需要在4至5歲之間進行,其長期療效尚需研究。儘管如此,美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)已在6月加快批准了該療法,使肌肉營養不良症患者有機會戰勝疾病。


工程

隨著越來越多的國家投資再生能源和低碳技術以減緩氣候變遷的破壞,各領域湧現出新的解決方案也就不足為奇了,即使在建築或公用事業等風險規避的領域也不例外。各種想法已經從紙上談兵走向現實世界,科學家、政府和資助者都在更認真地思考能源的使用和消耗。從利用電腦伺服器將多餘熱量重新用於家庭的系統,到符合建築標準的低碳水泥,以下是過去一年中最酷的工程成果。

工程類大獎得主

Equatic公司的碳去除和電解裝置:將碳捕獲與綠色氫氣生產相結合

理論上,直接從空氣中捕獲二氧化碳是個絕妙的主意,但實際上,封存每噸二氧化碳的成本可能超過1000美元。此外,海水中的二氧化碳濃度比空氣中的濃度高出約150倍。美國新創公司Equatic在洛杉磯和新加坡設有試點工廠,該公司開發了一種直接從海洋中封存二氧化碳的新方法,並同時生產綠色氫氣,這些氫氣可以出售或用於捕獲更多二氧化碳排放。

該公司利用電流通過抽取的海水,將水分解成氫氣和氧氣,而不會產生腐蝕性的氯氣——氯氣是傳統海水電解的副產品。電流還能將海水分成鹼性水流和酸性水流。在鹼性海水流中,鈣和鎂與海水和空氣中​​的二氧化碳反應,生成碳酸鈣和碳酸氫鎂。在重新平衡股水流的pH值後,海水和固定化的碳將依照美國和新加坡的環境法規釋放回海洋。該公司表示,隨著工廠規模的擴大,其碳封存成本最多可降低90%。

Charles River Analytics 公司的 Awarion:風力渦輪機施工區域鯨魚盲區預警

擁有62颱風力渦輪機、發電量超過800兆瓦的Vineyard Wind離岸風電場將於2024年完工,屆時將成為美國最大的離岸風電工程。隨著馬薩諸塞州海岸附近建設的加速推進,訓練有素的觀察員使用先進的聲學監測工具來探測北大西洋露脊鯨等海洋生物,並幫助船隻在擁擠的航道中避免碰撞。但露脊鯨不像座頭鯨那樣經常鳴叫,因此該團隊最近與Awarion合作,Awarion是一款新型電腦視覺系統,經過訓練可以識別紅外線攝影機影像以及光電影像中的海洋生物和船隻。在黑暗、霧天或雨天,這款人工智慧程式在觀鯨方面甚至優於經驗豐富的人類。根據去年公佈的測試數據,該工具在識別近兩英里外的鯨魚方面達到了80%的準確率。

硫磺石製程(Brimstone Process)-一種生產碳負排放水泥的方法

混凝土佔全球碳排放量的7.5%,其脫碳一直困難重重。混凝土最重要的成分-普通矽酸鹽水泥(OPC)的生產過程需要燃燒化石燃料,將石灰石加熱到華氏2500度以上。這一化學反應也會釋放額外的二氧化碳

Brimstone是一家新創公司,已籌集6000萬美元資金,計劃在內華達州里諾附近建造其首個試點工廠。該公司研發出更優的解決方案:使用不含碳的矽酸鹽岩石而非石灰石,從而避免了原料岩石釋放溫室氣體。此外,根據加工方式的不同,鎂元素也能與空氣中的二氧化碳反應,使整個生產過程達到低碳甚至負碳排放。最終產品是普通矽酸鹽水泥(OPC),與傳統製程生產的產品相同,這使得Brimstone在競爭激烈的領域中脫穎而出。

Heata 公司推出的 Heata 設備,由英國天然氣公司和英國創新署 (Innovate UK) 提供支援:一款可以加熱洗澡水的數據伺服器

英國新創公司Heata沒有像傳統伺服器那樣依賴噪音巨大的風扇來冷卻伺服器內如同桑拿房般的高溫,而是開發了一種定制的熱導體,可以將硬體產生的熱量輸送到用戶家中的熱水器。與擁有眾多設備的巨型伺服器叢集不同,Heata透過在用戶家中託管獨立伺服器,並利用熱水器作為散熱器來吸收處理過程中產生的廢熱,打造了一個「分散式資料中心」。該公司將伺服器空間出租給客戶(主要是建築渲染公司),並支付電費。而使用者則可以利用這些熱量為熱水器加熱,從而節省水電費:該系統可滿足英國普通家庭高達80%的熱水需求。雖然該系統安全性不足以保護軍事機密或醫療記錄,但專家表示,它適用於低價值資料。在典型的使用率和電網碳排放強度下,每個Heata設備每年可以減少約噸二氧化碳排放。在今年進行的一項針對80戶家庭的試驗中,參與者可以享受遠低於英國當前能源價格的熱水折扣。

加州理工學院的空間太陽能發電演示器(SSPD-1):一個在軌太陽能演示項目

想像一下,一支衛星艦隊能夠將太陽能電力傳輸到災區或戰區的地面接收器。或者,天基系統能夠在應對熱浪時,在幾毫秒內將電力從紐約市轉移到布宜諾斯艾利斯。部署在近地軌道上的柔性輕質太陽能板陣列,可以全天候為任何擁有合適基礎設施的地方提供能源。

現在,我們已經有了軌道模型的概念驗證。加州理工學院由工程學教授阿里·哈吉米里、哈里·阿特沃特和塞爾吉奧·佩萊格里諾領導的團隊在六月取得了突破性進展,他們利用多個無線接收器,在距離衛星約一英尺(約30厘米)的地方為LED燈供電。 SSPD-1專案證明,配備低成本客製化晶片的太陽能板陣列能夠在嚴酷的太空高溫和輻射環境下精確傳輸電力,取得了重大進展。儘管從價格和規模來看,這種方法還需要大約十年時間才能與地球上規模龐大的太陽能發電廠相媲美,但美國海軍和空軍正在與中國的研究人員以及歐洲航天局展開競賽,力求實現太空中的太陽能發電。


汽車

我們正處於汽車產業的復興時期,而大部分的熱情和創新都源自於蓬勃發展的電動車產業。汽車製造商們正在尋找減輕汽車重量的新方法,並創造出外觀時尚、觸感現代的全新車身造型,擺脫了以往電動車略顯怪異的風格。電動車不再枯燥乏味,我們看到各公司在配件、內裝材料甚至輪胎的設計上都展現出了非凡的創造力。蘭博基尼成功打造出混合動力系統,讓汽車動力更強勁,同時又不失環保理念,無疑標誌著汽車產業的轉型已經完成。以下是我們最期待的幾項汽車創新。

汽車大獎得主

BFGoodrich ActivAir輪胎充氣系統:越野愛好者的最佳夥伴

如今幾乎所有車輛的前排駕駛側車門內側都貼有標籤,上面列出了車輛輪胎的適用胎壓(每平方英寸,PSI)。在高速公路上行駛時,遵循這些指示是提高燃油效率和安全性的關鍵。然而,離開鋪裝路面後,降低胎壓是擴大輪胎接地面積、增強在碎石或沙地上抓地力的最佳方法。為了簡化操作,BFGoodrich 開發了 ActivAir 輪胎充氣系統。您可以從預設模式(例如公路、岩石、沙地和泥地)中進行選擇,也可以手動調整以獲得最佳體驗,而且無需離開車輛。在惡劣天氣下,這項功能可以真正節省時間和精力。

KiaEV9:綠色環保從未如此賞心悅目

起亞新款EV9電動車外觀令人印象深刻,但其內在品質或許更為重要。為了打造環保車型,起亞汽車利用一次性水瓶、紡織品和廢棄漁網等回收材料,打造出遠超車輛價格的奢華高檔內飾,從而提升了車輛的價值。這款三排座電動SUV起價不到5.5萬美元,價格也相當親民。起亞及其母公司現代汽車集團與羅德島設計學院展開了獨特的合作,探索藝術、自然和設計的交融,旨在充分利用現有材料,而不是製造新的一次性產品。

蘭博基尼 Revuelto:蠻牛為其標誌性的 V12 引擎注入了電力

蘭博基尼向來以聲浪澎湃、氣勢磅礴著稱,動力更是強勁無比。全新Revuelto,這款義大利品牌的首款插電式混合動力車型,也完美詮釋了這一點。作為「蠻牛」家族的最新成員,Revuelto保留了蘭博基尼超級跑車的經典元素,例如澎湃的V12引擎和標誌性的車身造型。在此基礎上,蘭博基尼又為其配備了三台電動機,將馬力提升至1001匹。最終打造出的這款混合動力車型,性能卓越,即使在純電動模式下(續航里程略超過6英里),它仍然擁有蘭博基尼的獨特魅力。

沃爾沃EX30:樹立經濟實惠、高品質電動車的新標桿

隨著美國乃至全球加速向電動車轉型,各大汽車製造商都試圖超越市場領頭羊特斯拉。今年6月,瑞典汽車製造商沃爾沃發布了其EX30車型,這是一款五人座SUV,起價略高於3.6萬美元。沃爾沃素以打造外觀時尚、安全性能卓越的汽車而聞名,而這款全新跨界車的目標客戶群正是大眾市場。 EX30採用再生內裝材料,提供兩種動力系統選擇,續航里程最高可達275英里,在電動車普及的背景下,它佔據了有利地位。在電動車起價普遍超過5萬美元的市場環境下,EX30這樣價格合理的車款無疑極具吸引力。

北極星 RANGER XP Kinetic:堅固耐用的全電動多功能車

今年,北極星號(Polaris)推出了最新的RANGER並列式全地形車:全電動XP Kinetic多功能作業車(UTV)。該公司與Zero Motorcycles建立了為期10年的合作關係,共同打造RANGER XP Kinetic的電動動力系統,該系統擁有110馬力和140磅英尺的扭力。 RANGER XP Kinetic的牽引力高達2500磅,載重能力達1250磅,在同級車型中遙遙領先,為那些依賴UTV作為工作工具的用戶帶來了極大的便利。農民、牧場主或任何擁有大片土地的人都可以將其用作電動馱畜,只需插上電源即可使用。


運動戶外

年度最佳創新產品通常旨在解決重大問題,但往往只需一丁點火星就能引燃火焰。今年的運動和戶外創新產品大多以小而強大的創意為亮點,這些創意大大改善了我們的競技和娛樂方式。薄荷可永續去除異味,其效果甚至優於添加銅的同類產品。真空隔熱冷藏箱無需泡棉填充,即可在較小的空間內裝載更多物品。一種在 80 年代風靡一時的面料正在改變我們回收露營裝備的方式。此外,一項獲獎產品透過淘汰一個微小的零件,徹底改變了整個產業。這些最佳運動和戶外創新證明,微小的改變也能產生巨大的影響。

體育戶外類大獎得主

SRAM Eagle變速箱(SRAM出品):告別斷裂的變速器掛鉤

變速器吊耳是自行車的阿基里斯之踵。一旦自行車跌倒,傳動系統一側著地,或剮蹭到一塊小石子,錯位的變速器就可能導致變速失敗。這意味著你的自行車只能閒置在車庫裡,因為診斷和修復彎曲的變速器並非易事。 SRAM 的 Eagle 變速系統將自行車最薄弱的環節變成了堅固耐用的部件。 SRAM 將變速器直接用螺栓固定在車架和後軸上,徹底取消了變速器吊耳。這種直接安裝方式能夠帶來更穩固、更精準的變速性能和整體性能提升。目前,這項技術主要應用於高階登山車。不過,它已經開始應用於價格較親民的 GX Eagle 變速系統。希望這項技術能繼續普及,讓每位騎乘者都能享受到組件帶來的便利。

Oyster Tempo 保溫箱:較酷的保溫箱,無需冰塊

你可能每天都在使用旅行杯,它利用了真空隔熱技術——兩層金屬壁之間形成的真空層能夠有效隔絕熱量,保持杯內物品的低溫。對於旅行杯來說,這很容易實現,但對於大型保溫箱來說,難度就大得多。 Oyster Tempo 保溫箱採用了 Oyster 的 DLTA 技術,這是一種獲得專利的整合式真空隔熱系統,由可回收鋁和不含化學物質的二氧化矽製成。這種結構確保了保溫箱擁有最佳的隔熱性能。最終產品體積只有一般硬殼保溫箱的一半,內部空間卻是其三倍,保溫效果更是一般硬殼保溫箱的三倍。它 100% 可回收利用,該公司表示,他們為這款保溫箱研發的 DLTA 隔熱技術還可以應用於醫療、器官運輸等領域。

Polartec 清新臉部除臭噴霧:利用薄荷的力量消除異味

合成材料在戶外裝備中具有保暖性和耐用性優勢,但同時也容易放大人體自身的(不太好聞的)氣味。雖然許多吸濕排汗布料有效,但它們都含有金屬元素:金屬是有限的資源,其對環境,特別是水生生物的長期影響備受質疑。 Polartec 的 Fresh Face 面料採用產自俄勒岡州威拉米特的天然薄荷油製成,這種薄荷油經過採摘和蒸餾。高性能面料的纖維中融入了薄荷萃取物。最終產品具有強大的除臭效果,這是一種天然持久的解決方案,可以有效解決異味問題,且不會留下任何薄荷味。目前,您可以在 Rabbit 的 Fuel n' Fly 短褲中找到這種面料,但未來 Fresh Face 面料的應用範圍將會更廣。

Isle Pioneer Pro充氣硬板:一款感覺像硬板的充氣式立槳衝浪板

充氣式立槳板(SUP)通常為了極佳的便攜性而犧牲了堅固性。 SUP製造商Isle推出的Pioneer Pro是一款充氣式硬板,其剛性比其他充氣式硬板高出三倍,重量更輕,體積更小。 Pioneer Pro的成功得益於兩項新技術。一種名為InfinityFiber的專利複合材料將玻璃纖維和熱塑性塑膠結合在一起,打造出堅固的表面。另一種名為PowerFuse的技術則利用焊接機中的熱壓,將頂層和底層材料機械地黏合到導軌層上。據該公司稱,軍方正在考慮將這種材料應用於無人太空船和無人潛水器。

NEMO 的 Forte Endless Promise 睡袋和 Endless Promise 系列:裝備的循環

2018年,美國環保署估計有1,700萬噸紡織廢料最終被填埋,其中只有250萬噸被回收。 NEMO的「無盡承諾」(Endless Promise)系列——目前包括Forte睡袋——採用循環利用模式,即用舊產品製造新產品。為了使循環睡袋能夠相容於回收系統,該公司需要使用單一聚合物來製造睡袋的大部分。由於睡袋包含布料、填充物、五金配件和裝飾等眾多部件,一個典型的睡袋通常包含10種或更多種不同的材料。最終的解決方案是使用常見的聚酯纖維。這些睡袋可以進行維修、完全回收或寄回NEMO後再次出售。該公司將於2024年推出「無盡承諾」系列背包和羽絨睡袋。


娛樂

過去二十年間,電視機變得更大、更快、更亮、更便宜。 70吋的電視機在15年前還算是新鮮事,而現在卻能以堪比黑色星期五的低價全年買到。今年的獲獎產品是一台電視,但這個獎項並非頒給畫質或背光技術,而是表彰那些巧妙地將圖像和聲音數據從一個地方傳輸到另一個地方,從而簡化人們生活的產品。今年的榜單還包括世界上速度最快的顯示器、一款真正適合所有人的遊戲手柄,以及一個位於沙漠中央的巨型球形數位表情符號。

娛樂類大獎得主

LG Signature OLED M 電視:一款毫不妥協的無線電視

今年,LG 在擺脫線材束縛方面邁出了重要一步。該公司推出了 97 吋 Signature OLED M 電視,這款電視僅配備一條電源線——僅此而已。所有介面都集中在一個名為 Zero Connect 的裝置上。該設備擁有高階電視常見的各種接口,包括三個 HDMI 2.1 接口、兩個 USB-A 接口、一個 LAN 接口、一個同軸電纜接口和一個紅外線音頻接口。但與電視本身相比,該設備(以及最終連接到您的串流媒體或遊戲設備的設備)之間沒有任何實體線連接。 LG 開發了一種專有的無線技術,據稱其速度是 WiFi 6E 的三倍。因此,它可以在 30 英尺(約 9 公尺)的距離內以 120fps 的幀率傳輸 4K 視訊。

SonyPS5無障礙控制器:一款專為無障礙設計的遊戲控制器模組化裝置

無論是否有肢體障礙或是否具備使用傳統遊戲手把所需的靈活性,每個人都應該享有暢玩電子遊戲的權利。 Access 控制器是一款適用於 PS5 的輔助功能控制器套件,可透過四個內建的 3.5 公釐輔助介面與眾多主流第三方輔助設備連接。控制器出廠時呈雛菊狀排列,按鍵如同花瓣,玩家可依自己的喜好自由組合。玩家可以在 PS5 主機上自訂控制器的輸入,並儲存多達 30 個控制設定檔。 Access 控制器可以獨立使用,也可以成對使用,甚至可以與 PS5 的創新 DualSense 控制器搭配使用。

Logitech PRO X 2 LIGHTSPEED 遊戲耳機:首款採用真正石墨烯驅動單體的遊戲耳機

為了打造一款既堅固又輕盈的高階遊戲耳機揚聲器驅動單元,羅技採用了石墨烯這種常見卻又嬌貴的材質——它本質上是一種碳晶格。羅技耳機中的每個 50 毫米驅動單元都採用了石墨烯振膜,而非大多數耳機常用的聚酯薄膜(Mylar)材料。這使得驅動單元(負責產生聲音的實體單元)能夠更大幅度地運動,而不會引入不必要的振動和形變,從而避免失真。當您身處遊戲世界,被敵人包圍,雷射槍聲此起彼伏時,羅技耳機能夠清晰地區分各種聲音,並保持玩家所需的沉浸式空間體驗,助您發揮最佳水平。

戴爾Alienware 500Hz遊戲顯示器 – AW2524H:目前速度最快的顯示器

如今顯示器市場競爭激烈,想要脫穎而出實屬不易,但真正的王者之爭往往體現在規格表的更新率一欄。 Alienware 的 500GHz 顯示器每秒刷新螢幕影像高達 500 次,當時可謂獨佔鰲頭。搭配效能強勁的電腦,這款顯示器幾乎可以消除延遲和惱人的動態模糊,帶來更流暢的遊戲體驗。此外,它還配備了 NVIDIA G-SYNC 可變刷新率技術和 NVIDIA Reflex Analyzer,用於測量系統整體延遲,從而減少畫面撕裂和其他影響遊戲體驗的異常情況。

拉斯維加斯 Sphere Entertainment Co. 出品的 Sphere 劇院:真正沉浸式的劇院體驗

這座位於拉斯維加斯大道上的巨型建築高366英尺,寬516英尺,其令人嘆為觀止的工程設計使其格外引人注目。球體外殼覆蓋著120萬個LED燈,使其能夠呈現出各種不同的外觀,包括一個巨大的表情符號。內部配備了同類產品中規模最大的音響系統,場館還能製造風、座椅震動,甚至散發出氣味,為觀眾帶來身臨其境的體驗。內部的螢幕也極為巨大,需要一套全新的攝影系統才能拍攝出足以填滿整個螢幕的18K高清畫面。這是一種超乎想像的體驗,而且隨著創作者不斷突破其功能極限,它仍然擁有巨大的潛力。


創新並非總是始於與以往截然不同的巨變。有時,正是那些微小的調整,卻能產生遠超過自身產業範圍的巨大影響。誠然,榜單上既有重達50磅的固態電池發電廠——這種技術向來難以規模化——也有減震錘中的小型彈簧,以及易於安裝的電源插座中的小型槓桿。這些看似漸進式的改變,其影響卻能像漣漪般擴散開來,我們預計今年獲獎者的影響將持續很長一段時間。

榮獲大獎,家園

吉野的固態技術:首款採用固態電池的隨身電源站

在Google搜尋“固態電池”,你會看到一系列常見問題,例如“固態電池會普及嗎?”。如果你需要一台能夠提供330到4000瓦功率的隨身電源,那麼固態電池已經問世了。固態電池有望成為鋰離子電池更持久、更強大的替代品,但其高昂的成本使其難以應用於大多數場景,尤其是在大尺寸的情況下。吉野公司找到了一種方法,可以將固態電池整合到重量在10到54磅之間的便攜式電源中。它們是首批採用固態電池的同尺寸設備。更重要的是,你無需擔心損壞會引發危險的火災。與可能因刺破而爆炸起火的液態電解質鋰離子電池不同,固態電池堅固耐用,更可靠。

Leviton Decora Edge系列插座與開關:史上最簡單的DIY電源插座安裝

電機和管道工程是許多DIY愛好者避之不及的兩項工作。火災和水災的風險讓許多愛好者望而卻步。但Leviton推出的Decora Edge系列電源插座和牆壁開關或許能讓更多人躍躍欲試,嘗試自己動手連接這些電器設備。 Decora Edge插座和開關背面採用顏色編碼的槓桿式接線端子,可將電線牢固固定。這種設計比傳統的連接方式更能牢固地固定電線,而且外殼本身沒有任何裸露的金屬部件,避免了電流流向人體等不該接觸的地方。

德龍Eletta Explore義式咖啡機:終於實現了自動冷泡功能

如今,家用咖啡製作幾乎實現了自動化。研磨、沖泡,甚至倒出咖啡都可以自動完成。但有一個環節卻始終未能自動化,那就是冷萃奶泡。而冷萃奶泡對於製作一杯媲美咖啡館的精緻冰拿鐵以及其他許多冷飲都至關重要。過去,你需要手持攪拌機或其他手動工具才能將冷牛奶打成綿密的奶泡,但德龍(De'Longhi)在其全功能Eletta Explore意式咖啡機中實現了這一自動化。該系統能夠將奶泡打至完美質地,並以與飲品溫度完美匹配的溫度進行萃取,操作極為簡便。結合德龍的專利冷萃萃取技術(只需短短三分鐘),它就像將一家精品咖啡館搬到了你的廚房檯面上。

ToughBuilt 的 ShockStop 錘子:一款具有減震功能的框架錘

木工錘又大又重,而且多年來幾乎沒有變化。畢竟,還有什麼比一根棍子上綁著一塊金屬塊更適合把長釘釘進木頭呢?然而,木工活的一個副作用是,反覆用一個物體敲擊另一個物體產生的衝擊力最終會傳遞到手臂上,輕則造成酸痛,重則造成永久性損傷。 ToughBuilt公司找到了解決辦法,他們在ShockStop錘子的鎚頭裡塞入了一個減震彈簧。這種錘子仍然能提供令人滿意的衝擊力,但減少的震動可以減輕手臂的疲勞和損傷。增加的彈性也有助於防止鎚頭形成破壞性的微裂紋,從而延長錘子的使用壽命。

Eufy Mach V1 Ultra:集吸塵、拖地和蒸氣清潔於一體

居家清潔的髒亂種類繁多,如果只需要一個工具就能搞定所有清潔難題,那該有多好。 Eufy Mach V1 Ultra 比以往任何手持式吸塵器都更接近這一目標。它既能像傳統吸塵器一樣吸除乾燥的碎屑,又能像拖把一樣輕鬆擦拭潮濕的污漬,甚至還能像蒸汽清潔機一樣清潔硬質表面——而且完全無線。憑藉 16,800 帕斯卡的吸力、230 度高溫蒸汽以及同時吸除乾濕垃圾的能力,它堪稱清潔界的瑞士軍刀。但它的性能也毫不遜色。它是首款獲得德國萊茵 TÜV 認證的同類產品,其高溫蒸氣能夠殺死 99.9% 的常見細菌。


個人護理

美容和健康產業往往更依賴花俏的科技術語和炫目的包裝,而非真正的創新。但消費者已經開始識破這些行銷伎倆,轉而尋求真正突破常規的產品。今年的個人護理獎項旨在表彰那些滿足這一需求,並以巧妙的解決方案解決實際問題的公司。從能夠遮瑕和治癒痤瘡的護理產品,到專為新冠後遺症患者打造的康復應用程序,這些獲獎產品透過嚴謹的研究、測試和改進,為您的健康護理帶來期待已久的全新體驗。

個人護理大獎得主

Visible Health 的 Visible Plus:一款幫助新冠長期患者管理症狀的應用程式

Millions of people suffering from long COVID worldwide—and other chronic conditions like myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)—face the daunting task of tracking symptoms, identifying triggers, and budgeting their energy to avoid crashes. Launched by long COVID patient Harry Leeming in 2022, Visible is an app designed to empower patients and fuel new research. Currently available through an early access program, the upgraded version, Visible Plus, pairs the platform's symptom-tracking interface with a Polar heart rate monitor to capture pulse variability. This is a good indicator of the stability of the autonomic nervous system, which can trigger symptoms for various chronic conditions when disrupted. New data from thousands of patients inform Visible's algorithms, revealing trends in symptom severity and reminding users (in real time) when they need more rest. So far, it's only available in English in a handful of countries, including the US.

The New RevAir by RevAir: A hair dryer that works in reverse

One of the best hair dryers on the market this year looks more like a vacuum cleaner than a bathroom appliance. The New RevAir uses reverse-air technology to suck in tresses and quickly dry, smooth, and straighten them with less heat than traditional methods, leaving your mane shinier and less prone to damage. The upgraded styling tool, made to be smaller and quieter than its predecessor, excels at straightening tight curls and coils, stretching strands more gently than a hot comb. Users can even insert braids and twist-outs into the RevAir wand to dry them completely in seconds.

Theragun PRO Plus by Therabody: The ultimate multi-therapy massage device

Therabody is known for crafting the industry's top percussive massage guns, but its latest model is in a league of its own. The Theragun PRO Plus is sleeker and more compact than its predecessor, and features a new suite of recovery tools. Near infrared LED light therapy helps stimulate circulation and boost healing, while heat and cold therapies help loosen up stiff muscles and soothe inflammation. The device also overcomes one of the biggest shortcomings of at-home massagers by offering a vibration setting to safely relieve joint pain. Users can even access built-in routines to track heart rates and guide their breathwork during treatment.

Invisible Bandage by Violette_FR: Reinventing a first aid staple to fight acne

Applying makeup on blemishes rarely works well, since it can add injury to insult by making pimples even more inflamed. Taking inspiration from the liquid bandages often found in first aid kits, French beauty company Violette_FR changed the game by replacing skin-irritating ingredients with a common food thickener, polysaccharide xanthan gum, and sap from acacia trees. The result, Invisible Bandage, glides on as a smooth, quick-drying layer to protect your pimple from any makeup you place on top of it. Even better, the clinically tested product contains soothing ingredients like CM-Glucan granules to soothe the infection and heal your zits, even if they're hiding.

Loona by Boom Home Medical: A bedside urinal with serious style

Injuries, pregnancy, and balance and mobility issues can sometimes make it difficult and even dangerous to get up and use the toilet without help. Dissatisfied with the current options for women and other people with vulvas, the founders of Boom Home Medical set out to create a comfortable and colorful personal urination device that doesn't look like a contraption out of a hospital room. The Loona's soft, contoured funnel aligns effortlessly with bodies of many shapes and sizes, while its snap-close lid limits the risk of spills. The integrated handle diverts flow into smaller streams, minimizing noise and helping the urinal blend in at home.


小工具

Any real gadget innovation should allow people to do something that they couldn't do before. That may sound like a tall order, but every year devices present people with new opportunities thanks to technological advances, big or small. This year's list is full of innovations that help people create something from nothing. Our grand prize winner harnesses the power of generative AI and presents it in a way that's wildly accessible to just about everyone. Meanwhile, 3D printers have also gotten easier to use, especially the latest from Bambu, which makes printing fast and simple. And Meta delivers on a promise several now-defunct companies have made for years. It's a fascinating time to be a creator—and a great time to be a gadget nerd.

Grand Award Winner, Gadgets

Photoshop Generative Fill by Adobe: A tool to turn anyone's words into art

Generative AI has been the biggest technology story of 2023, and for good reason. The ability to generate full-fledged artistic creations from a simple text prompt appeals to a wide range of people, and Adobe has dropped that tech into the most popular photo editing program in the world. Many other generative AI tools require complex setups and can present other hurdles for a new user. Adobe's solution, however, nestles neatly in with traditional image editing tools. During the beta period, the internet exploded with people using Photoshop's new feature to create countless weird, wonderful, and sometimes unnerving images. The tool now resides in the official version of Photoshop, Illustrator, and Adobe's other apps, and the results are often impressive, if sometimes confounding.

P1P by Bambu Lab: An accessible 3D printer that doesn't make you choose between quality and speed

Even as 3D printing gets more accessible, it can still be painfully slow. But Bambu's P1P has streamlined both the speed and quality of the process. The P1P is ready to print in just about 15 minutes after taking it out of the box, which is refreshing compared to some models that take hours. Once it's running, the P1P can print at a rate of up to 500 millimeters per second (mm/s), which is nearly twice what printers at this price typically output. Plus, the head accelerates at an impressive 20,000 mm/s². Despite its speed, this machine spits out objects that are smooth, detailed, and free from errors. Bonus: It costs less than $1,000.

MX2A by Cherry: A classic mechanical keyboard switch gets a high-tech makeover

You probably never think about it, but every time you press a key on your keyboard, you're activating a switch. The original Cherry MX keyboard switches hit the market in 1983, winning the hearts of nerds everywhere with their impeccable feel and clacky sound. The MX2A redefines those classic switches for an even better feel and longevity beyond the 100 million strokes promised by the originals. Cherry developed a new proprietary lubrication mix and technique for applying the slippery stuff to the socket dome in the key's rear housing. Along with a stronger barrel-shaped spring (instead of a typical cylinder), six ribs that keep the key centered, and redesigned socket geometry, these upgrades create the bounciest, clickiest keys yet.

Quest 3 by Meta: Accessible mixed reality for the real (and virtual) world

Years ago, a company called Magic Leap promised immersive mixed reality (MR) that blended digital objects with the real world at a consumer level. It worked, but it wasn't practical enough to catch on thanks to its clunky hardware and clumsy images. The Meta Quest 3, however, delivers that promised MR experience in an accessible way. A pair of cameras and a depth sensor dutifully recreate the real world in the headset's 4K+ infinite display. Digital objects seamlessly blend into the terrain so convincingly that taking off the headset can feel slightly disorienting—it's a truly impressive experience from a standalone headset.

Deep Dark Technology by Unistellar: A chance for city dwellers to see the stars

Light pollution makes stargazing all but impossible in many urban areas, but Unistellar built a solution for that view-ruining haze. The company has analyzed millions of images captured by its smart telescopes to collect a comprehensive view of the night sky. Its Deep Dark tech assesses the scene a telescope user is looking at, recognizing which objects belong there and which are simply products of light pollution. The result? A clear, detailed map of deep space objects that would otherwise be impossible in a well-lit area.


航太

It's been an exciting year in the aerospace industry. Two heavyweights—NASA and Boeing—announced that they were teaming up to create a new research aircraft called the X-66A, also known as the Sustainable Flight Demonstrator. The goal of the program is to make an experimental passenger aircraft that will be more efficient with the fuel it consumes. And speaking of sustainability, two different companies working on electric aircraft—Joby Aviation and Beta Technologies—delivered battery-powered flying machines to the Air Force for testing. What's more, Alaska Airlines claims to have concocted a coffee blend that it says tastes good up at high altitudes. (What will they think of next?) But the biggest breakthroughs of the past 12 months include a giant rocket, exciting new space exploration missions, and a sixth-generation bomber for the Air Force. Take a look.

Grand Award Winner, Aerospace

JUICE by the European Space Agency (ESA): On a quest for hidden seas

Science fiction has long abounded with tales of life teeming in subsurface oceans on worlds like Europa, an ice-coated moon of Jupiter. Soon, we'll have a close look at Europa and other Jovian moons, thanks to ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), which launched on April 14 this year. JUICE's science instruments include spectrographs and penetrating radar designed specifically to peer under ice, making it primed to explore not just Europa, but also its fellow icebound moons Ganymede and Callisto. JUICE will arrive at Jupiter in 2031 and, after orbiting the gas giant for more than three years, will move itself into Ganymede's orbit in 2034 for further study.

Psyche by NASA/JPL and Arizona State University: To deep space without rocket fuel

NASA's Psyche is flying through space thanks to a futuristic propulsion system. Psyche isn't like traditional space probes that rely on thrust from dramatic chemical reactions. Instead, itrelies on solar power, which produces electricity that strips xenon atoms into ions and pushes them out the back. This type of propulsion has propelled spacecraft before, but Psyche uses a type called a Hall-effect thruster; Psyche ’s engine relies on a magnetic field to corral the xenon ions, boosting the thruster's efficiency. In fact, Psyche will be the first time a craft using a Hall-effect thruster has traveled further than the moon (though plenty of spacecraft have used one in Earth orbit). Launched on October 12, Psyche is headed to a stellar body of the same name: a metal-rich asteroid, unique among others made out of stone, and thought to be the core of a planet that never formed.

Chandrayaan-3 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): The first craft to land at the lunar south pole

Before this year, no one had ever landed in the moon's south polar region (a region where water ice is plentiful), not even with an uncrewed craft. On August 23, the ISRO changed that when the lander of its latest lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3 (from Sanskrit words meaning “moon craft three”), touched down. In the days that followed, that lander ( Vikram) and its attached rover ( Pragyan) conducted the first-ever scientific tests of the south polar surface. Unfortunately, a month after its landing, both the lander and rover failed to respond to a wake-up call. Still, Chandrayaan-3 undeniably helped break new ground. There is a good reason that NASA plans to someday land astronauts near the South Pole: The water ice could perhaps support human habitation.

The B-21 Raider by Northrop Grumman: A stealth bomber for the 21st century

Way back in 1988, the US Air Force unveiled the B-2 Spirit, the first stealth bomber in its arsenal. That futuristic aircraft, a flying wing, earned a Best of What's New award from PopSci that year. More than three decades later, Northrop Grumman rolled out that aircraft's successor, a sixth-generation flying machine intended to eventually replace the B-2, which the Air Force only owns a relatively small number of. The B-21 Raider is designed to be able to evade detection by radar and will have the capability to deploy either conventional or nuclear weapons. As of November 10, it is in flight testing.


Emergency Service and Defense

As technology evolves and iterates, so does war. Breakthroughs in materials science allow for better body armor, hopefully saving lives. An expanded definition of service means providing appropriate clothing for all soldiers, regardless of anatomy. The cheap and widespread availability of quadcopters has changed how squads scout and fight, as hobbyist toys are turned by the tens of thousands into short-range eyes in the sky. And the climate is warming, which means militaries are turning to new ways to ensure the electrical power stays on despite grid failures. This year's best emergency services and defense innovations meet the world where it is, and offer added protection and redundancy so that more people can live to see tomorrow.

Grand Award Winner, Emergency Service and Defense

Kevlar EXO by Dupont: Lighter body armor

On April 14, DuPont announced Kevlar EXO, a new variant on Kevlar that incorporates a third monomer molecule into its fibrous composition. That change makes the new fiber as strong as existing Kevlar but at lighter weights: existing Kevlar weighs 1 pound per square foot, while Kevlar EXO is between 0.65 and 0.7 pounds per square foot. That's an improvement of over 30 percent, ensuring that the new material can overcome one of the biggest obstacles to ensuring body armor offers protection: the lighter the body armor, the easier it is for a person to wear it. The hope is that Kevlar EXO will be able to meet body armor standards with a thinner layer, letting the armor go from the lab and into the field, where it can save lives.

Army Tactical Bra by US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command: At last, a durable undergarment for all bodies in the military

The Army Tactical Brassiere, which is currently in its prototype phase, is the first bra designed specifically by the US Army to be worn into ground combat. Created by US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, or DEVCOM SC, the stain-concealing black bra prototype is flame-resistant and may have a redundant closure mechanism to endure long deployments. Women make up 17 percent of the active-duty US military and must buy their own support, often layering sports bras. Four Army Tactical Bra variants are designed to fit more bodies, and can work with uniforms, armor, and tactical gear, ensuring the services remain open to anyone capable of the job.

RQ-28A, Short Range Reconnaissance System by Skydio: A US quadcopter for squads and scouts

Made by Skydio, the RQ-28A drone is the Army's first “program of record” quadcopter, which means it has gone from idea to a regular part of the Army's budget and planning. This ends years in which the US Army struggled to find a quadcopter that works in the field, but didn't have the risks associated with being an off-the-shelf toy pressed into military use. In November 2022, the 75th Ranger Regiment at Fort Benning, Georgia, successfully fielded the RQ-28A. Weighing less than five pounds, it can be carried in a rucksack and quickly deployed. The drone is controlled from an Army handset, and has a camera that shares video in visual and infrared light.

Oklo Micro Reactor by Oklo Inc: Resilient backup power, no fossil fuels needed

In August 2023, the Air Force announced the award of a contract to California-based Oklo to design and construct, and then own and operate, a micro nuclear reactor at Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska. The reactor, intended to go online in 2027, is aiming to provide 5 megawatts of power. That's less than one sixth of the electricity already provided by Eielson's coal and oil power plant, but it's still a good basis for ensuring that emergency functions can continue if the base otherwise loses power. Should the reactor prove successful, power generators like this could become a tool for resiliency in both military and civil grids.

Barracuda Ultra-lightweight Camouflage Screen with Frequency Selective Surface technology by Saab: Camouflage that's communication-friendly

Multispectral camouflage netting must hide the people, vehicles, and equipment under it from visual sight, infrared cameras, and detection by radar. But this type of camouflage can block desired radio signals going in and out, leaving those hiding underneath it in the dark when they need to communicate with allies in the field. In August 2023, Saab announced the new frequency Selective Surface technology for its Barracuda Ultra-lightweight Camouflage Screen, which allows certain radio signals to be sent from underneath the netting, while still protecting against detection by radar. That means soldiers hiding under the net are still hidden from foes, but are still in communication with friendly forces.


鳴謝

Package Editor: Rob Verger

Editors, writers, and researchers: Amanda Reed, Andrew Rosenblum, Annie Colbert, Berne Broudy, Charlotte Hu, Jen McCaffery, Jocelyn Solis-Moreira, John Kennedy, Kelsey Atherton, Kristin Shaw, Purbita Saha, Rachel Feltman, Rahul Rao, Rob Verger, Sandra Gutierrez, Stanley Horaczek, Terri Williams